The University's Code of Conduct Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The University's Code of Conduct - Lab Report Example But CQU guarantees the environment that is free from bullied, unlawful discrimination or sexually harassment. Supervisors are not only responsible for this code of conduct but staff members are also responsible to maintain an environment free from bullied, unlawful discrimination or sexually harassment. To avoid harassment and unlawful discrimination in the institution, supervisor is aware of workplace culture, staff attitude, rate of absenteeism of the staff and staff turnover. Staff members have right to make a complaint if they are suffering from workplace harassment, sexual harassment and unlawful discrimination. There are different options for the resolution of complaints, such as: (i) Expressing mistakes, responsible for workplace harassment, to a person who is conducting them (ii) Making complaint to the relevant person who is dealing with lodging of formal complaints (iii) Seeking advice from cultural director (iv) Getting fruitful advice from Employee Assistance Program (EAP ) (v) Bringing the issue in the notice of Anti-discrimination Commission or Human Rights Commission. Ethically it is required that the issue of harassment or unlawful discrimination is kept confidential and the issue should be resolved at best lowest possible level to win the trust of the staff members. The purpose of the avoiding such type of harassment and discrimination, which is an undesirable situation, is that to provide employees an opportunity to work in safe and respectable environment, that is free from bullying, sexual harassment, and any kind of discrimination. University Staff members, Visitors, Council members and Contractors head this policy. The policy does not cover the grievances related to the classification level, workload and condition of employment. It is necessary that resolution must be addressed in accordance with the resolution mechanism. Two major parties are involved in this procedure: first is the complainant; who identifies the staff member who witnesse d the bullying, sexual harassment, or unlawful discrimination. The other party is respondent; is a person whom complaint has been made regarding bullying, sexual harassment, or unlawful discrimination. Responsibility for implementation puts on Vice Chancellor, President and Immediate Boss to comply with the policy and no to tolerate any unacceptable behavior in the institution. The policy implementation is monitored by the people and cultural director of the institution. Complaint Resolution Overview CQ University ensures the working environment that is free from bullying, sexual harassment, or unlawful discrimination and Central Queensland University Enterprise Agreement (2009) ensures solid procedure that will not tolerate these behaviors that cause this situation. To resolve the harassment and discrimination, university uses different procedures that will be discussed later on. Complaint Resolution Procedures One-on-One Resolution In the first instance, complainant may seek to ad dress the issue to the respondent if he/she feels comfortable and safe for doing so. Otherwise complainant may seek assistance from the supervisor or cultural director who deals with this procedure. The issue can be resolved by apologizing, providing training or counseling or stopping the alleged behavior. Other way is to seek policy advice, support or guidance on how to address the is

Do not rock the boat! Essay Example for Free

Do not rock the boat! Essay Everybody has there own prospective on what a best friend is, from someone that makes them laugh, to simply somebody that just listens to their problems. In my eyes a best friend is a real friend, someone you can count on, someone that is always there for you when you need them the most. And that makes them a best friend in my book. Trying to find one is a different story. I have had my fair share of bad friendships they had me fooled that they were always there for me when all they had were bad intentions. At that point I had given up on the idea that there was someone in this world that I can trust, somebody that I can be myself around. Was I asking for too much? That all changed on September 11, 2010 at Kearny high school, in Ms. Cooks first period English class. It was quite a small room so it was very noticeable when someone walked thru those blue doors into the crowded room. One by one, I studied each new fresh faces walking into the class.Each facial expression sharing a nervous, curios, but exiting look. About twenty minutes after the late bell rang (that girl was always late to everything) a dark skinned, Indian looking, Mexican about 6’2 in height walked into the classroom. Her long wavy jet-black hair caught my attention first, then her bright brown oval eyes, thick bone structure, and her big bright blue Jansport backpack she was caring in her right hand. I have not seen a backpack that large since fifth grade and for a second, I thought we where back in Elementary school. To make my description about her more clear she looked like a thicker and taller version of Pocahontas. One of the Disney princesses I grew up watching as a little kid. Her name is Jocelyn Guzman-Diaz, a corny, full of life, girl that just moved from Oregon to San Diego, California to get closer to her father. Spring Break weekend of 2010, at Camp Managuay was the coldest weekend I ever had to endure. Cold rainy days, tree roaring nights, the smell of burning oak roasting in the fire pits, the feel of the ash against your face, and the sound embrassing of all the JROTC cadets tan combat boots crunching the crisp frozen grass to wake up to every morning, in our Camo uniforms. As cold and unpleasant as that sounds, that weekend was the best weekend I have ever had with my best  friend. With tons of and tummy hurting laughter moments we had along the way. Jocelyn and I got selected to go to camp Managuay, a woodsy campsite located about two hours away from Mesa college with our JROTC instructors and about eighty or so cadets. We arrived in a whale looking tour bus. It dropped us off in front of a huge dark green pine tree with blue tent sacks sped out on the dirt. We would stay up till one, two, even three in the morning laying in our cold hard tent cracking jokes knowing we would have to wake up at six o’ clock in the morning. I remember this specific moment where the instructors marched us down to the Managuay Lake to go canoeing. The wide, open enchanting lake felt as if I was in wonderland. We all took turns grabbing a bright yellow banana looking canoe. One by one canoes started plopping in the freezing water. Jocelyn is the most careless person in the world when it comes to following instructions and the first rule she breaks is DO NOT ROCK THE BOAT! She is in her boat singing and swaying her long wavy hair back and fourth. Then all of a sudden she swayed too far to the left and her met the water and the canoe met her head. I broke down In laughter. The more I looked at her the harder I laughed. It felt like I was going have a giggle attack! That moment had our trip. We forgot all about those cold, wintery, nights and the dirty, rough, uneven, tent floors. I chose to write about this day because despite the harsh conditions that we were faced with we made the best of it and had fun with it. We did not care how people were looking at us or how strange they thought we were because we were having the best time.

Frederick Douglass Fight For Freedom History Essay

Frederick Douglass Fight For Freedom History Essay In his speech, The Hypocrisy of American Slavery, Frederick Douglass enforces his main concept of inequality in the nation and the cruelty of slavery. Douglass endured a rough childhood of slavery in Maryland without the presence or help from his parents. From the very beginning of his life, Douglass knew nothing about the whereabouts of his father nonetheless who he was and barely ever saw his mother. During a tough period of a nation infested with segregation and inequality, Douglass applied to his master to have the right to find work for himself. During employment, he concocted a plan to escape slavery. After a successful getaway, Douglass assisted the Underground Railroad. At this time, the country was in great need of change. Certain historical events that occurred during the time period, such as the Compromise of 1850, and Douglasss rugged life experiences as a slave are applied to help frame the speech and convey how African Americans feel on Independence Day. Through a tone progressing from earnest to inflammatory and the use of rhetorical questions, biblical allusions, and puns, the delivery of The Hypocrisy of American Slavery effectively brings forth an awareness of the deterioration of the nation, the inequality between races and reveals how African Americans are affected by the harsh treatment they receive to help persuade the audience that slavery must be abolished. The Compromise of 1850 and Douglasss life as a slave during this time are important factors that help shape Douglasss speech. To help please the nation, The Compromise of 1850 was passed in an attempt to abolish and control slavery. The document states that it is inexpedient to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia whilst that institution continues to exist in the State of Marylandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Compromise). This affected Douglass negatively as well as other states in America because as long as Maryland accepted slavery, other places were not allowed to abolish it. To Douglass, this was unfair and contributed to his reasoning on why he spoke to the public emphasizing the need of a free nation. Douglass lived a good part of his life in Maryland and had to endure the challenging life of a slave because he did not live in a free state. As a child, Frederick Douglass did not get to live a luxury life like whites. In an excerpt from his novel he writes I never saw my mother, to kn ow her as such, more than four or five times in my life; and each of these times was very short in duration, and at night (Frederick, Being). Douglass never got to have a relationship with his parents thus forcing him to grow up faster. In effect, it made him a stronger person in the end. He got split up from his mother because of silly things like the color of his skin. Later in his speech, Douglass references these silly things by referring to America as a blacker nation which is a pun between race and the status of the nation. The African Americans of the audience are captivated by the speech as they relate to the common struggles endured. Also, Douglass was educated about religion when he was young which explicated his frequent use of biblical allusions. He states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if their increase do no other good, it will do away the force of the argument, that God cursed Ham, and therefore American slavery is right (Frederick, Being). Things pertaining to God were always p resent in his life which explains his use of biblical allusions. These biblical references appealed to his audience that comprised of Christians. Also, the irrelevant claims towards why slavery is acceptable are recognized. All of this information about history and Douglasss life are important components when understanding Douglasss purpose for giving his speech. Douglasss experiences of suffering and mistreatment along with being asked by the leading citizens of Rochester on Independence Day led him to his exigency. He passionately expresses his feelings about the life he endured during slavery in an excerpt of the narrative of his life: I say, let him place himself in my situation- without home or friends- without money or credit- wanting shelter, and no one to give it- wanting bread, and no money to buy it, and at the same time let him feel that he is pursued by merciless men-hunter, and in total darkness as to what to do, where to go, or where to stay,- perfectly helpless both as to the means of defense and means of escape,- in the midst of plenty, yet suffering the terrible gnawings of hunger,- in the midst of houses, yet having no home,- among fellow-men, yet feeling as if in the midst of wild beasts, whose greediness to swallow up the trembling and half-famished fugitive is only equaled by that with which the monsters of the deep swallow up the helpless fish upon which they subside,- I say, let him be placed in this most trying situation,- the situation in which I was placed,- then, and not till then, will he fully appreciate the hardships of, and know how to sympathize with, the toil-worn and whip-scarred fug itive slave. (Frederick, Narrative) At this point in his life it is evident that he is already fed up with the struggles of hunger and homelessness along with the rights he was not able to enjoy. Frederick Douglass was finally ready to speak his mind to the dark world. Another reason for his exigency is the concept of freedom. Frederick Douglass was all for Lincolns platformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦free soil, free men, and free labor (Abolition). Knowing that could possibly become the outcome of his efforts, he was quickly enthused to deliver his speech. The overall concept that drove him to give the speech was the possibility of a better future for him as well as the entire nation and to persuade his audience at Corinthian Hall in Rochester that slavery must be abolished. Douglass begins with an earnest tone and polite diction to appeal to his audiences feelings and uses rhetorical questions to get everyone thinking about the issues between the nations need of freedom and equality. At the start of his speech he declares Fellow citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions, whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are today rendered more intolerably by the jubilant shouts the reach them? (Douglass). Douglass uses nice words that contrast with harsh words like fellow citizens, to ease the seriousness of the critical references to slavery. Rhetorical questions were incorporated into his speech to make his audience feel accountable for the greatly needed equality and freedom in the nation. Most importantly, he asks Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in the Declaration of Independence, extended to us? (Douglass). This one question forces everyone to think about what rights exist in the nation and who they are extended to. Also, Frederick Douglass became fed up with the inequality of the nation because of race. He expresses that This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn (Douglass). He feels very strongly about the indifference of the nation and its status between the freedom and rights extended to all people. Douglass brings up a valid point that the Declaration guarantees the rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness and that slaves are not all blacks are privileged to enjoy these. Douglasss first half of his speech captivated his audience and enabled him to shift to more serious matters. The speech soon shifts to a vexed tone as Douglass explicates the obstacles of slavery and uses biblical references to point out the injustice of the mistreatment of slaves. Douglass becomes irritated when he complains Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood and stained with pollution is wrong? No I will not. I have better employment for my time and strength than such arguments would imply (Douglass). Douglass progressively becomes more passionate with his words as he becomes annoyed. He states here that it is ridiculous for people to not understand how seriously wrong slavery is and hopes it is a wakeup call to everybody. Next, he uses biblical references to relate to the audience. When mentioning the act of selfish men that would not rejoice when slaves are free, he implies that I am not that man. In case that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart (Douglass). The meaning behind this biblical reference is that a man is healed by God and then l eaps like a deer. Douglass acknowledges that he would be the one to rejoice when slaves were finally free. Certain references that come from the Bible relate to everyone because it points out the mistreatment of slaves and reminds everyone that God would not approve of this injustice. Both his tone and his references have transformed to be more harsh and unpleasant. Lastly, the tone is shifted to sound inflammatory and Douglass uses puns in order to point out the status of the nation due to race. Douglasss tone becomes bombastic towards his audience when he begins to bring up similarities between blacks and whites to prove that they are equal. He implies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that we are engaged in all the enterprises common to other men-digging gold in California, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦feeding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cattle on the hillside, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in the families as husbands, wives, and children, and above all, confessing and worshiping the Christian Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦-we are called upon to prove that we are men? (Douglass). Douglasss inductive argument continues to incorporate references to God and rhetorical questions. These things repetitively remind the audience to think of what they can do to change the nation because God would not approve of such behavior. Finally, Douglass cleverly incorporates a pun into his speech. He reasons I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this Fourth of July (Douglass). He cunningly uses blacker to reference race as well as the shadowing darkness the nation lies under. Usually puns are used for comic relief; this one is not. Frederick Douglass effectively conveys his message to his audience by all three of those rhetorical strategies along with his change in tone. Douglasss remarkable speech led to many accomplishments like abolitionist movements with William Lloyd Garrison as well as contributions to the Emancipation Proclamation. In the end, the Thirteenth Amendment was passed which completely abolished slavery in all of America. With the efforts of Garrison and the delivery of Douglasss speech, life in America was greatly impacted. It is recorded that In 1841, Garrison hired Frederick Douglass, a former slave, as an agent for the society. Douglass was an immediate success on the lecture circuit, first in the North and later on a six-month tour of meeting halls throughout the American West (Abolition). Both men teamed together and became a successful duo. Douglass and Garrison started successful abolition movements in the North and rattled the South. Soon after, propaganda in the South arose. It is concluded that When Lincoln was elected, the South saw him as a threat to Southern institutions and resorted to secession. And the Civil War bega n (Abolition). It can be assumed that the efforts of Douglass and Lincoln began the Civil War. The war led to an outcome of abolishing slavery for which Douglass speech will always be remembered. Finally, In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all slaves in the Southern secessionist states free. Two years later, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the United States, was ratified, and the abolitionists finally had their victory (Abolition). The country finally saw change and began to lighten up. Slavery was finally abolished as an effect of the hard work of Garrison, Lincoln, and Douglass. Most importantly, Douglasss efforts will always be remembered because it caused an unforgettable change in America. Frederick Douglass was an outstanding man with great character and strong beliefs. He did not care what others would think of him and stood strongly for what he believed and knew was right. The struggles of being a slave child shaped him to be the man he turned out to be. Also, historical events including the Compromise of 1850, shaped the phenomenal speech he gave on July 4th, 1852. By using rhetorical questions, biblical allusions, and puns, Douglass effectively conveyed his message that the freedom of slaves all around America was essential and that the nation was unhealthy, unjust, and slowly deteriorating as time progressed. Another key element he incorporated were shifts in tone. Douglass starts off nice and not over bearing but evolves to a bombastic tone. The legacy of his speech will forever be remembered because of the astounding things it caused including but not limited to abolitionist movements, the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, and most importantly the Thirt eenth Amendment to the Constitution. If it were not for the hard work of Frederick Douglass, slavery may not have been abolished to this day.

Essay examples --

Shale Gas refers to natural gas trapped within sedimentary shale rock formations and is found abundantly in many regions of the world. Recent advances in technology such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) have meant that access to this valuable resource is now viable. Onshore oil and gas exploration is the best, most transformative energy story since the transition from coal to oil a century ago. This is because what we are getting is a far cleaner and more economic source of energy than its predecessors or competitors. Even though gas is a fossil fuel in replacing coal for electricity - which is the global goal - it means that we can reduce CO2 emissions by more than 50 per cent. It is also a secure source of energy because it is globally ubiquitous. On the subject of resources, this is not a short-term solution. It is probably correct that we should try to avoid fossil use going out into a 30 or 40-year timeframe. But on the other hand the glo bal prevalence and ubiquity of natural gas shows us that there is at least 200 years’ worth of supply and is therefore a mammoth resource. Hydraulic fracturing has provided major technological boost to the industry in efforts to obtain larger amounts of natural gas from unconventional (tougher to reach) sources. According to Peter Saundry (2009), fracking is the process of placing high-pressurized water underground along with other fluids and chemicals into gas bearing rock to form fractures that are propped open with sand. When the formation is fractured, natural gas can then flow out of the crevices where it is then pumped out of the ground. Earlier forms of fracking by the United States can be traced back to the late 1940’s. the recent upsurge is caused by the ... ...he state of Colorado houses a fast growing and bankable energy market in the United States. With the nation carrying 100 natural fields of gas, containing three of the largest oil fields, Colorado has manifested itself to be a suited producer and competitor. Colorado doesn’t need any alternatives to its fracking policy. COGA’s (2012) study suggested that Colorado’s towns such as Garfield, Weld, La Plata, Rio Blanco, and Las Animas brought the state $8.1 billion and it directly brought 43,800 jobs with wages being 51 percent higher than states average. It clearly cannot be contradicted that the natural gas industry has a noteworthy influence on the states economy. Considering the tens of thousands of Coloradans employed to the colossal contributions of gas. As Colorado continues this path on energy, this foundation will promote further economic growth and diversity. Essay examples -- Shale Gas refers to natural gas trapped within sedimentary shale rock formations and is found abundantly in many regions of the world. Recent advances in technology such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) have meant that access to this valuable resource is now viable. Onshore oil and gas exploration is the best, most transformative energy story since the transition from coal to oil a century ago. This is because what we are getting is a far cleaner and more economic source of energy than its predecessors or competitors. Even though gas is a fossil fuel in replacing coal for electricity - which is the global goal - it means that we can reduce CO2 emissions by more than 50 per cent. It is also a secure source of energy because it is globally ubiquitous. On the subject of resources, this is not a short-term solution. It is probably correct that we should try to avoid fossil use going out into a 30 or 40-year timeframe. But on the other hand the glo bal prevalence and ubiquity of natural gas shows us that there is at least 200 years’ worth of supply and is therefore a mammoth resource. Hydraulic fracturing has provided major technological boost to the industry in efforts to obtain larger amounts of natural gas from unconventional (tougher to reach) sources. According to Peter Saundry (2009), fracking is the process of placing high-pressurized water underground along with other fluids and chemicals into gas bearing rock to form fractures that are propped open with sand. When the formation is fractured, natural gas can then flow out of the crevices where it is then pumped out of the ground. Earlier forms of fracking by the United States can be traced back to the late 1940’s. the recent upsurge is caused by the ... ...he state of Colorado houses a fast growing and bankable energy market in the United States. With the nation carrying 100 natural fields of gas, containing three of the largest oil fields, Colorado has manifested itself to be a suited producer and competitor. Colorado doesn’t need any alternatives to its fracking policy. COGA’s (2012) study suggested that Colorado’s towns such as Garfield, Weld, La Plata, Rio Blanco, and Las Animas brought the state $8.1 billion and it directly brought 43,800 jobs with wages being 51 percent higher than states average. It clearly cannot be contradicted that the natural gas industry has a noteworthy influence on the states economy. Considering the tens of thousands of Coloradans employed to the colossal contributions of gas. As Colorado continues this path on energy, this foundation will promote further economic growth and diversity.

Letter to a friend

Dear, I understand that you have been looking for a class to help you with your writing skills.   While this is not a writing course, I believe that this class will be able to help you because it is designed to help students understand and appreciate literature.   The name of the class is English 2120WWW.    It offers teachings on the works of the likes of Robert Frost, John Steinbeck and Ernest Hemmingway. The course outline covers many areas that are useful.   There are sections that are devoted to drama, which include the works of Arthur Miller and David Mamet.   The next section covers poetry and includes the works of Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, TS Elliot, Elizabeth Bishop, Allen Ginsberg, Sylvia Plath, and Robert Pinsky.   This section also offers the works of Asian poets such as Cathy Song and Li-Young Lee.   If you remember, these poets included in the poetry section each contributed to the development of poetry by introducing a unique style that has appealed to all generations. Perhaps the part of the lesson that you will enjoy is the section on fiction which discusses the works of Mark Twain, Sarah Ome Jewett, Katherine Ann Porter, Edith Wharton, and William Faulkner.   It also has a discussion on the works of Ernest Hemmingway, John Steinbeck, Richard Wright, Kurt Vonnegut and Eudora Welty.   The discussion of these works will be perfect for your studies because the class offers a discussion of all of this material.   There is also a discussion by peers in this class that is directed by the instructor. I must advise you, however, that this class is not easy.   There are requirements that one has to complete in order to complete this class.   The work includes submission of written papers and essays on the pieces of literature that have been discussed in class.   In order to succeed in this class, it is imperative that you read all of the material that is assigned by the instructor.   You must also not just understand the material that you are reading but also analyze the elements of the writing. While it may seem that there is a lot of work to do, it is really not that tedious because the material is presented in a manner that is enjoyable.   There is a perspective that is provided that allows the student to see deeper into these works.   This method teaches the students how to properly appreciate and emulate the works of the masters.   I recommend that you take this class because there is so much that you can learn from it.

War Poets Wilfred Owen and Charles Sorley

War Poets Wilfred Owen and Charles Sorley Free Online Research Papers The first World War affected the lives of many young men. Many poets and authors who were part of the war shared their stories in their writings. Poets gave people a look at the reality of war with their vivid and sometimes grotesque depictions of life as a soldier or a citizen. Two of the greatest war poets from this era are Charles Sorley (1895-1915) and Wilfred Owen (1893-1918). Charles Sorley was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1895. He attended Marlborough College from 1908 until 1913. He then moved to Germany until the start of the war, when he moved back to England to enlist in the military. Sorley was killed in the Battle of Loos on October 13, 1915. (â€Å"Charles Sorley†) After his death, his poetry was published in a book entitled Marlborough and Other Poems. (â€Å"Prose and Poetry- Charles Hamilton Sorley†) Wilfred Owen was born in Oswestry, Shropshire in 1893. He attended what is now the Wakeman School until 1911. He enlisted in October 1915 with the Artists’ Rifles and was killed a week before the end of the war in November 1918 (Wilfred Owen). Both poets’ works primarily consisted of descriptions of their first hand experiences during the war. Perhaps one of Sorley’s most influential poems was the one written just before his death; When You See Millions of the Mouthless Dead. In this poem he talks about how it won’t help to praise the dead soldiers or to cry for them because they can’t hear or see you. He says in line 8 of the poem that â€Å"it is easy to be dead†. This shows how the war hardened the emotions of some soldiers. It also suggests that death was so common that it has little to no affect on him (Prose and Poetry- Charles Hamilton Sorley). Also in his Poem Barbury Camp, he speaks of how war can be a soldier’s heaven or hell. He writes about fighting in the wind and I the rain. He also writes about the soldiers talking to God after they die and basically having to answer to him about their actions (Barbury Camp). Some of this same raw emotion and descriptiveness is seen in Owen’s poetry. Owen’s poem Dulce et Decorum Est was written during a time in the war when gas attacks were common. Owen speaks of how the gas has them fumbling, coughing and choking. He writes about how they have to throw soldiers on wagons and listen to them â€Å"gargling from froth corrupted lungs† (Kennedy and Gioia, 689) in line 22. This poem shows how the specific tools and tactics of the war affected the soldiers. In another poem entitled Disabled, Owen writes about a wounded soldier who sits in a wheelchair reflecting on how the war has changed his town. â€Å"About this time town used to swing so gay† he writes in line 7. He reflects on how happy people there used to be watching the children play in the streets. He also writes about how the war has affected the soldier personally. In lines 10-12 he speaks of the time â€Å"before he threw away his knees† (Poetry of Wilfred Owen-Disabled). This poem gave clear insight into how the world changed during the war. Both poets were similar in the way that they used their own traumatic experiences during the war to bring forth the emotions portrayed in their poetry. They both were on the frontlines of war which heavily influenced the subject matter in their poems. The poets were also different in that Sorley wrote all of his war poems while actually fighting in the war while, Owen on the other hand, wrote a great deal of his poetry while being treated for shell shock at Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh (Wilfred Owen). This perhaps explains why some of Owen’s poetry was so much more descriptive. While Sorley was writing about his experiences in the moment, Owen had time to reflect, and possibly have flashbacks of all that he had seen in the war up to that point. The writings of both poets mainly consisted of their experiences in the war. They basically gave us a glimpse into their own minds as they were fighting in the trenches themselves. Their works equally made us aware and conscious of the terrors and the trials that were the war. Owen’s writings gave us his view on how drastically the war had changed the worlds of men from before the war until days before his demise. Sorley made us aware of the many men in the war were hardened to the point where they would never be the same. The insights these men gave are the same during today’s war just as they were then. Barbury Camp. Poemhunter.com. 22 Oct. 2008 . Charles Sorley. Wikipedia. 19 Sept. 2008. 22 Oct. 2008 . Gioia, Dana, and Joe X. Kennedy. Literature : An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. 10th ed. New York: Longman, 2006. 689-99. Poetry of Wilfred Owen-Disabled. Everypoet.com. 22 Oct. 2008 . Prose and Poetry- Charles Hamilton Sorley. Prose and Poetry. 11 Aug. 2001. 22 Oct. 2008 . Wilfred Owen. Wikipedia. 21 Oct. 2008. 22 Oct. 2008 . Research Papers on War Poets Wilfred Owen and Charles SorleyMind TravelHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital PunishmentNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and Canada

Pardoners Tale Essays - The Canterbury Tales, The Pardoners Tale

Pardoner's Tale Essays - The Canterbury Tales, The Pardoners Tale Pardoner's Tale The Pardoner's Tale: Deception and Foolishness There are several types of foolishness being described in the Pardoner's Tale itself. He describes gluttony in general, then specifically wine. He talks of gambling, taking bets and the like, and of swearing. The exemplum of his sermon describes three fools who go foolishly seeking death, then find it in a large amount of gold. Deception is another topic addressed by the Pardoner: he comes right out and says that he is a con artist, and that he is out to take people's money. In his tale, deception by the rioters leads to the death of all three. These are good points, but there is another deception the Pardoner plays, and gets caught: his sermon is a direct chastisement of the Host, who is not pleased by this. As a whole, Chaucer effectively uses this character of The Pardoner to point out some of the more foolish and deceptive aspects of other characters in the Tales as well. In the beginning, the Narrator describes The Pardoner in some quite undesirable terms. His is the characterization that comes closest to making a judgement call - in most cases, the judgement is left to the reader. Yet, I trowe he were a gelding or a mare, is hardly non-judgmental (97.693). The Narrator also spends a bit of time describing the different relics and showing the truth of what each relic really is; however, there is a point in his negative description of both the physical and moral aspects of this character. The Pardoner represents the Ugly Truth. The Knight is grand, the Wife is pretty, but the Pardoner is downright ugly. He is also the only pilgrim to acknowledge his shortcomings - he knows he is a con artist and liar, and in his tale's prologue freely admits this in both words and actions. The Pardoner then proceeds with the tale itself, which is a deception as well. In the sermon, he describes gluttony in detail, and defines it as not just overeating, but the intense pleasure of doing so. He also denounces wine, with graphic examples of drunkenness. He discusses the negative merits of swearing and cursing. Then, he closes the sermon itself with a condemnation of gambling. There are several things going on here. The first, most obvious hypocrisy is that before telling this tale, the Pardoner insisted on stopping at an inn for food and beer. He is also partaking in a bet - he who tells the best story wins. However, there is another level. This sermon is retaliation to the Host, who just before asking the Pardoner to speak has been cursing and talking about using beer as medicine to mend his broken heart. It can be suspected that the Host is drunk, as well. However, when addressing the Pardoner, the Host intentionally insults him: 'Thou bel ami, thou Pardoner,' he saide, / 'Tel us som mirthe or japes right anon (165.30-31). The Pardoner, being of rather quick wit, replies: 'It shal be doon,' quod he, 'by Saint Ronion' (165.33). The reference to St. Ronion is a possible play on runnion, which is possibly defined as a sexual joke (165, footnote 8). Thus, the Host has rather offended the Pardoner, who calls a stop at an inn to think upon som honeste thing w hil that I drinke (165.40). This exchange is picked up once again after The Pardoner's Tale is done. Several things from the Tale upset the Host. He is the owner of a tavern, encouraging food and drink. He himself likes to partake of these things. He also swears quite readily, and from the General Prologue, we know the Host was the one to propose the storytelling game in the first place. So, at the end of the Pardoner's Tale, when the Pardoner suggests that our Hoste shal biginne, / For he is most envoluped in sinne (178.653-654), it is in direct response to the insult at the beginning of the Pardoner's turn to tell a Tale. This nearly starts a physical fight - the intervention of the Knight prevents this infighting from progressing further. The Pardoner's sermon, while perhaps aimed at the Host, also describes much of the rest of the pilgrimage. After all,

Value Chain Analysis for Amazon

Value Chain Analysis for Amazon Introduction From its launch in 1995, Amazon has grown to become the main choice for online shoppers across the world based on its array of quality products. Amazon Company’s success has been impressive, thanks to the company’s efforts to address its core competencies.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Chain Analysis for Amazon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using VRIO analysis, this paper discusses research and development, organization culture, customer relations, incumbent advantages, and branding as Amazon Company’s key competencies. Amazon’s Core Competencies The Research and Development (RD) has initiated and executed ideas such as Listmania and Kindle, which have proved valuable to the company. These ideas have attracted many consumers since they allow them to choose the products they find most valuable. Nonetheless, these ideas are not rare since Amazon’s competitors have parallel technologies. For instance, the Noble Company has a feature that enables clients to share opinions on products they have searched or bought. These products are expensive to imitate because of the corresponding technological dexterity and high costs to develop features such as Kindle. Moreover, these features are appropriate for the success of the organization since the efforts by the RD department are met to enhance consumer shopping experience (Mennen 45). As Hill and Gareth confirm, Amazon has established an organizational culture whereby ideals such as prudence and leadership are given top priority (56). This organizational norm is dear to the firm since it keeps it at the forefront of other companies in the industry in terms of efficient exploitation of resources and the introduction of changes in the company. However, this culture is not rare since most organizations encourage frugality and good leadership.Advertising Looking for report on business econom ics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, it is not difficult to imitate it since its implementation is inexpensive and publicly available in Amazon’s website. This organization culture that promotes prudence and leadership is relevant for the organization since it attracts and retains customers. It improves consumer experience, thus granting the company advantage over its competitors (Amazon 12). Harris says that the company recognizes that maintaining good customer relations is crucial to its prosperity (10). The company finds it valuable to allow shoppers to review the products to attract other potential customers. However, this strategy is not rare since most companies have similar tendencies of allowing their customers to share opinions on their (companies) products. Furthermore, this idea is not technical to imitate since firms should only comprehend the anticipations of their clients and strive to satisfy them. Maintaining a good rapport with customers is appropriate for the organization, as it helps to control the online commercial market (Mennen 67). Amazon joined the online shopping business at time when there were few online users or online shopping firms. Being the first in the industry has been of great value, as it has enjoyed several incumbent advantages such as the economies of scale of the business. This opportunity is a rare since there can only be one first-enterer. Additionally, it is hard to mimic incumbent companies in other industries that strive to offer similar services because of competition. The benefits of the first entry are appropriate for the organization they limit the chances of rivals surpassing the Amazon in the industry (Harris 10). The brand of the company, which is associated with one of the greatest rivers, is of utmost value to the company since it has linked it to greatness by attracting many online shoppers. Its branding is rare since most clients o nly connect the name to the company. Moreover, it is also not a viable duplicate the brand. Using Amazon as the company’s name makes the organization well known and hence successful.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Chain Analysis for Amazon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In the past two decades, Amazon has consistently grown to become the first choice for online shoppers. It has been attentive to customers’ needs following its provision of a platform that allows them to review their products, thus maintaining a good rapport with shoppers. If Amazon maintains these prudent strategies, it will continue to control the online shopping industry. Amazon. 2013 Annual Report, 2013. Web. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664p=irol-reportsAnnual. Harris, Jim. â€Å"Amazons runaway success.† Backbone 1.1(2012): 10. Print. Hill, Charles, and Jones Gareth. Essentials of Strat egic Management. Ohio, OH: Cengage, 2011. Print. Mennen, Miriam. Global Corporate Strategy A Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Amazon.com. Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2010. Print.

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business management - Essay Example Without doubt, scholars have focused on understanding the structure of the electricity industry because it contributes significantly to the United Kingdom economy. This paper will describe the current structure of the electricity industry in the United Kingdom and highlight its contribution to the economy. In addition, the paper will discuss how sustainability affects the business plan of Centrica, one of the companies in this industry. The United Kingdom Electricity Industry has undergone a rigorous transformation process after the privatization efforts of 1989. Privatization of the industry brought forth two types of changes. It led to the privatization of most of the companies in the industry, a factor that introduced a high level of competition. Prior to the privatization, many companies had operated in the public sector. After privatization, it was only logical for the industry to undergo complete restructuring. Some of the objectives that triggered the restructuring of the industry included the creation of a highly competitive electricity market in the United Kingdom. In addition, restructuring would serve to present the industry with financial independence, terminating the reliance on the government. Other supporters of the restructuring process highlighted that it would allow a wider share of ownership. Restructuring of the industry also enabled employees to be actively involved in the success of the differ ent companies. Most importantly, the restructuring of the industry brought forth new realms of possibilities. For example, customer choice became a possibility, and the process separated the monopolies that had existed in the electricity business (Electricity Industry Profile: United Kingdom 2014, p. 29). The privatization reforms in 1989 focused on changing ownership from state to private companies and transferring employees

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Analysis - Case Study Example The main issue in the case of Mega Toys Company is to identify the business level strategy that would propel the company to new financial heights despite the rising competition in the market. This paper looks at possible strategies that the company uses and some indirect strategies that the company has used. Mega Toys main objective is to focus on satisfying the customers’ requirements and preferences so that the business can achieve above average returns. The main question underlying in the customers context is to identify the customer, their needs, and how those needs will be met. The senior management determines these strategies. Understanding the customers is a multivariate concept demanding understanding of demographics, geographical location, life styles and choices, personality traits, consumption patterns, industry characteristics as well as organizational size. To achieve this, the business has to understand and answer to the question â€Å"what are the potential goods and services that are needed by these customers?† This helps in gaining the competitive advantage, which is the main objective of business level strategies. Mega Toys Company main business strategy is to achieve long run growth of the company and to manage seasonal production primarily through cost leadership. Fundamental costs include labor costs, inventory, and delivery on time, and creating unique products. The most important resource for Mega Toys Company is to get seasonal employees in the low cost countries. According to this case, competitors can gain access to the low cost countries but cannot compete with Mega Toys in terms of quality of its products. Its products are of high quality, which are coupled with intellectual properties rights. Additionally their products have a unique design. The company also ensures that the deliveries they make are timely. This makes the Mega Toys products stand out

Media Event Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Event - Assignment Example Her main objective is to find them suitable jobs or protective environment after graduation. This is to prevent them from landing in the streets. The director of this movie, Samantha Buck, demonstrates sensitivity in a dramatic way to those students with special needs as the camera keys rove in on Mimo’s reactions. Ms. Mimo is the star and a protagonist with a bright face that does not hide anything as she focuses on the audience’s emotions. The camera lingers on the students who have grown with frustrating experiences longer than comfort. The â€Å"Best Kept Secret† film is exemplary in the sense that, it never seeks to hide any truth from the framework of the narrative. This section will explore two Special Education Laws websites, and two special education court previous cases. The first website is wrightslaw.com (http://www.wrightslaw.com/caselaw.htm). This website explores various cases from the U.S Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Noteworthy Cases. The first case mentioned in this website is the case of U.S Department of Justice Verses Day Care Centre in Oklahoma. The case was filed with the U.S Department of Justice. The statement of the case alleged that, the Camelot denied the person the right to participate in field trips, hence violating the Americans with Disabilities Act. The case was settled on the November 27th, 2013, the child in question, with Down Syndrome and toileting issues. The court ruled that, Camelot shall not discriminate any child on the grounds of disability. This includes full participation and enjoyment of goods, services, privileges, advantages and accommodation. The second website is the special education advisor.com (http://www.specialeducationadvisor.com/special-education-laws/brief-history-of-special-education-court-cases/). The case was heard by the Supreme Court. The case was between the Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School

Ubuntu Operating System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ubuntu Operating System - Assignment Example Ubuntu also gives one the security and comfort in working and storing information online, since it has a password to unlock the administrative actions of one's documents. The password protects against superfluous persons from interfering with the documents. The constantly changing versions of Ubuntu make it a striking technology to apply. Ubuntu Operating System is the newest version of a computer operating system built to cater to the immense role computer plays on man’s daily activities. The system offers new features to its users and improves on their daily know-how in the computer world. Ubuntu is described as a computer structure based on the ‘Debian GNU/Linux distribution’. This unit analyses history, features installation, packages, variants, editions and quality of Ubuntu operating system in detail. Ubuntu was developed as a result of the need of having an efficient system. The earlier systems were not efficient to do the multitasking task, which involved a user performing similar tasks at once. The first version of Ubuntu to be released for public use was on 20th October 2004. Various versions of the Ubuntu system are launched after eighteen months to advance on the effectiveness of the structure. The new versions of the system help in maintaining safety, thus preventing unwanted viruses. The Ubuntu system is being sponsored by Canonical Ltd and a well-wisher named Mark Shuttleworth. The sponsor’s donations led to the formation of the Ubuntu foundation whose main function was to support the development of the latest Ubuntu versions. The features of Ubuntu are that; it is composed of different software packages like the free software. Ubuntu’s design allows it to focus on usability, safety, and dependability.

Interplanetary Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Interplanetary Logistics - Essay Example The reality is that human interaction with space was once consider a fantasy that was not remotely possibly, yet we are now perhaps only a few generations from being able to make that fantasy become reality (Bainbridge 2009). Space is largely seen as a mechanism by which we can increase our existing supply train. As such, the process by which modern civilisation conducts sustainable space exploration in the future will depend directly on an innate ability to effectively manage the supply chain, leading to a discussion centring on interplanetary logistics. The process by which this is undertaken today takes on a drastically different shape than it did during the original Apollo moon missions. During those early attempts at space exploration, required materials and tools were simply carried along for the wide. Future space exploration, however will depend on a complex network focused on the supply chain that enables sustainable colonisation based upon resources being available to people in real time, as they are needed, rather than simply relying on this on a mission by mission basis. This process will soon begin a new with scheduled missions to the moon beginning in the year 2020. The moon will literally become in a stepping off point for exploration deeper into space, and the vision is to have it become a supply command post where supplies and other associated items in terms of logistics are planned for in advance and are available as needed. No longer will astronauts be forced to rely only on what they can carry, but the objective is to have a system of logistics in place where needs are not only anticipated, but provided for in advance in order to keep the work going. This is a critical concept in terms of interplanetary travel due to the reality that lost or misplaced items can literally take months to replace, costing the crew valuable time to conduct experiments and get

Assignment 1 Behaviour in Organisations - Analysis of The Amazing Essay

Assignment 1 Behaviour in Organisations - Analysis of The Amazing World of Fun case study - Essay Example A specific problem with a new habitat zone head, Krista Katz, will be highlighted and her relationship with AWFs Maintenance Crew. Suggestions for realistic improvements to the management hierarchy in the park will also be discussed in this project. At "The Amazing World of Fun" theme park, most of the senior-level decision-making is carried out by Eric and George Pinter who act as the Vice Presidents of AWF. Eric Pinter is the Vice President of Wildlife and Conservation (W & C), with direct responsibility for directing the management of all W & C staff including Species Specialists and Animal Assistants. George Pinter is the Commercial Vice President and acts as director of five Habitat Zone Heads and deals with the Hospitality Crew, Maintenance Crew, and the Cast of AWF (who interact with the customers). Board member Amy Rockbridge, reporting to George, has management jurisdiction of the Maintenance Staff (part of Estates), a group made up primarily of skilled craftsmen who are responsible for the technical upkeep of the theme park. Among Eric Pinters responsibilities is ensuring the efficient operation of the Mammals, Birds, Marine, and Reptiles division of Wildlife and Conservation. Species specialists and senior animal scientists from the Wetland Zone report directly to the Zone Heads, but can call upon Eric for area conflicts needing senior-level advisement, since Wetland Wilderness is linked to W & C. The appointed Zone Head of Wetland Wilderness is Krista Katz, who reports directly to George Pinter. In July of 2000, problems began to erupt in the management structure of AWF in regards to the Zone Head of Wetland Wilderness, Krista Katz. Krista was appointed to her position by George, who had recently left Disneyland Paris to help make Wetland Wilderness a profitable business success. Kristas strategic goal was to improve the efficiency and operations of Wetland Wilderness and it

Ubuntu Operating System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ubuntu Operating System - Assignment Example Ubuntu also gives one the security and comfort in working and storing information online, since it has a password to unlock the administrative actions of one's documents. The password protects against superfluous persons from interfering with the documents. The constantly changing versions of Ubuntu make it a striking technology to apply. Ubuntu Operating System is the newest version of a computer operating system built to cater to the immense role computer plays on man’s daily activities. The system offers new features to its users and improves on their daily know-how in the computer world. Ubuntu is described as a computer structure based on the ‘Debian GNU/Linux distribution’. This unit analyses history, features installation, packages, variants, editions and quality of Ubuntu operating system in detail. Ubuntu was developed as a result of the need of having an efficient system. The earlier systems were not efficient to do the multitasking task, which involved a user performing similar tasks at once. The first version of Ubuntu to be released for public use was on 20th October 2004. Various versions of the Ubuntu system are launched after eighteen months to advance on the effectiveness of the structure. The new versions of the system help in maintaining safety, thus preventing unwanted viruses. The Ubuntu system is being sponsored by Canonical Ltd and a well-wisher named Mark Shuttleworth. The sponsor’s donations led to the formation of the Ubuntu foundation whose main function was to support the development of the latest Ubuntu versions. The features of Ubuntu are that; it is composed of different software packages like the free software. Ubuntu’s design allows it to focus on usability, safety, and dependability.

Assignment 1 Behaviour in Organisations - Analysis of The Amazing Essay

Assignment 1 Behaviour in Organisations - Analysis of The Amazing World of Fun case study - Essay Example A specific problem with a new habitat zone head, Krista Katz, will be highlighted and her relationship with AWFs Maintenance Crew. Suggestions for realistic improvements to the management hierarchy in the park will also be discussed in this project. At "The Amazing World of Fun" theme park, most of the senior-level decision-making is carried out by Eric and George Pinter who act as the Vice Presidents of AWF. Eric Pinter is the Vice President of Wildlife and Conservation (W & C), with direct responsibility for directing the management of all W & C staff including Species Specialists and Animal Assistants. George Pinter is the Commercial Vice President and acts as director of five Habitat Zone Heads and deals with the Hospitality Crew, Maintenance Crew, and the Cast of AWF (who interact with the customers). Board member Amy Rockbridge, reporting to George, has management jurisdiction of the Maintenance Staff (part of Estates), a group made up primarily of skilled craftsmen who are responsible for the technical upkeep of the theme park. Among Eric Pinters responsibilities is ensuring the efficient operation of the Mammals, Birds, Marine, and Reptiles division of Wildlife and Conservation. Species specialists and senior animal scientists from the Wetland Zone report directly to the Zone Heads, but can call upon Eric for area conflicts needing senior-level advisement, since Wetland Wilderness is linked to W & C. The appointed Zone Head of Wetland Wilderness is Krista Katz, who reports directly to George Pinter. In July of 2000, problems began to erupt in the management structure of AWF in regards to the Zone Head of Wetland Wilderness, Krista Katz. Krista was appointed to her position by George, who had recently left Disneyland Paris to help make Wetland Wilderness a profitable business success. Kristas strategic goal was to improve the efficiency and operations of Wetland Wilderness and it

Individual human identity Essay Example for Free

Individual human identity Essay It also means that importance of social class decreasing, but instead of class the role of status increased rapidly. For instance to show status people buy expensive cars and exclusive clothes. Differences in social classes could influence personal identity, because identity related to social groups to which the identity belongs, for example nationality, culture, ethnicity, sexuality, gender and class. First of all identity is a sense of self that develops as the child differentiates from parents and family and take a place in society (Jary and Jary, 1991:p665). Identity also formed through some combinations of individual choice and structured group membership (for example in Arab countries Muslim women can`t drive the car). In additional, people could express their aspects of identity in a different way. For example clothing, which clothes choose to wear to show gender, post modernism or class; language, which words to use when people speak with fiends to show class, educational background and gender. It is goes without saying that even though class no longer exists, but we could easily identify person`s class, status and possessions from their clothing and way of behaving. The principle of the identity is closely linked to the idea of culture. As I have already mentioned identities could also be formed through the cultures to which people belong to. Culture is the language, beliefs, values and norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge and skills which make up the way of life of an individual society (Ralph Linton, 1945). For example norms and diet, in the UK at 17 o`clock most people have their couple of tea. Culture includes teaching and learning such process like socialization. We gain our identity through socialisation. Socialisation is the process by which we, as individuals, become members of our society or culture. We are also active participants in this process we decide what to accept or reject. Process of learning culture or socialization includes family, school, peer, media and religion. For example: family, your parents give you name, first beliefs and tastes; school, teaches person rules and gives knowledge; religion, teach people to appreciate some values; peers, teach person how to socialize; media, gives people ideas about gender, status and class. Modern sociologists also think that being of a different class may involve differences in culture, economic circumstances, educational status, dietary preferences, housing conditions, property ownership and power. For example, differences in culture, people who are from middle and upper middle class in free time visit museums and theatres, whereas working class visits pubs. One of the important factors in peoples culture and identity is social mobility, the ability to move from one class to another. For example, moving from the working to the middle class. Nowadays class, gender, sex, race and kinship have less influence on human identity. It is becoming more important human`s talent, knowledge, ambition and hard working abilities for achieving a good position in the class system. World sociology has changed greatly, beginning of the XXI centuries gave to the UK a lot of new. New national socio economic classifying statistics (NS SEC), which replaced Registrar Generals classification. New sociologists have another view on dividing society into social classes. For instance class has been defined consisted of eight major classes. The first four is middle class, which include higher managerial and professional occupations, lower, intermediate occupations, small employers and own account workers. The other four is manual workers, including lower supervisory and technical, semi routine occupations, routine occupations and never worked people. A big and new tendency had happened in modern Britain: the number of manual workers declines year by year. If for example in 1911 a percentage of manual workers was about 81%, in the year 2000 this percentage twice declined and become about 40% of total workforce. This become possible first of all because of developing new technologies: technique makes most manual work. Secondly because of changing of economical situation such as increasing life standards and education system. Traditionally social classes have been the main concept for understanding society, its behaviour or social conflicts, and predict the main movements of social behavior. Today`s sociologists in developed countries see classes like a historical phenomenon. The same view on social classes has Pakulski and Waters. They thought that class is no longer important factor in a human identity. According to Pakulski, we could pick out four main features such as cultuaralism, fragmentation, autonomization and resignification. For instance autonomization, which means that today`s people are not told what to do, they do what makes sense to them. For example, British working class is less likely to vote for the British Labour Party than it once was. To sum up, in this essay we discussed the different aspects of inequalities; we have seen that the UK is one of the most unequal societies. Inequalities of wealth, which means that one tenth of the UK population owns more than seventy percent of total wealth. Inequalities of income are significant, but welfare policy of the government such as taxation does have a huge effect in reducing the incomes between rich and poor. Finally, because of the government policy and developing new technologies, class has lost its power in the collective sense, however class would still remain fundamental to culture and human.

How portfolio diversification can minimize or eleiminate exposure risks to portfolios

How portfolio diversification can minimize or eleiminate exposure risks to portfolios Portfolio diversification is the means by which investors minimize or eliminate their exposure to company-specific risk, minimize or reduce systematic risk and moderate the short-term effects of individual asset class performance on portfolio value. In a well-conceived portfolio, this can be accomplished at a minimal cost in terms of expected return. Such a portfolio would be considered to be a  well-diversified. Although the concepts relevant to portfolio diversification are customarily explained with respect to the stock markets, the same underlying principals apply to all types of investments. For example, corporate bonds have specific risk that can be diversified away in the same manner as that of stocks. In investment Risk and Return, it is assumed that all investors are rational and will therefore hold portfolios that are diversified to the point where specific risk has virtually been eliminated and their only exposure to risk is to that which is inherent in the market itself . Thus, the residual risk of a portfolio should be equal to market risk, which is systematic risk, and unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk can be reduced by investing over a broader market, i.e., a larger universe. Portfolio diversification provides a good example of the effects of diversifying across asset classes. A portfolio invested 50% in domestic large-cap stocks and 50% in international large-cap stocks would have approximately half the residual risk of a portfolio comprised solely of domestic large-cap stocks, assuming that the investments in each market were sufficiently diversified to eliminate specific risk. CAPM and the Market Price Risk: The theory that investors are not rewarded for holding any diversifiable risk is taken to its logical limit in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This model is based on the evidence that all investors will hold portfolios which are invested in every single asset in existence. The rationale behind this is that if an investible asset is not included, then an opportunity for diversification, and therefore risk reduction, has been missed. According to the theory, investors will combine the market portfolio with a risk free asset (e.g. a short term government debt instrument). The proportion of the risk free asset held will increase the greater the investors risk aversion. The CAPM, which is concerned with pricing market risk, when determining what additional expected return is required for additional market risk. The only risk considered by a rational investor is market risk; we need to measure each securitys risk in these terms. The key elements here are as follows: The higher the weighting a security has, the greater will be its influence on the market return. The risk if measured in terms of market risk, the greater must be the compensating expected return. The higher the risk free rate, the higher will be the required expected return. http://www.investing-in-mutual-funds.com/portfolio-diversification.html http://www.investorwords.com/3083/modern_portfolio_theory.html Diversification works in the long run, despite rising correlations during extreme financial crises. From 1970  through 2007, a portfolio of 60 percent  SP 500 Index  and 40 percent  MSCI EAFE  returned 11.3 percent per year with an annualized  standard deviation of 13.75 percent. For the same time period, the SP 500 returned 11.1  percent per year with an annualized  standard deviation of 15.07 percent. Even when you throw a devastating and volatile year like 2008 in the mix, the benefits are still apparent. From 1970 through June 2009, the diversified portfolio had higher returns with less volatility than the SP 500 alone. The diversified portfolio returned 9.6 percent per year with an annualized  standard deviation of 14.6 percent, while the SP 500 returned 9.4 percent per year with an annualized  standard deviation of 15.6 percent. The conclusion from this data is not that diversification didnt work in 2008 and that it came back in 2009. The conclusion is that even though diversification is not a panacea for financial crises,  its the winning strategy for the long run. http://moneywatch.bnet.com/investing/blog/wise-investing/international-diversification-does-it-still-work/637/ How Does Diversification Work The concept is based on the fact that returns for certain types of investments, or asset classes, tend to move in opposite directions. As a result, poor stock returns may be counterbalanced by investments in bonds, and vice versa. You can diversify your portfolio by spreading your investments among different types of asset classes, such as U.S., international and emerging market stocks, bonds and also short-term money market investments. Exchange traded funds are an effective way to provide diversification since each individual fund holds hundreds of stocks and/or bonds. Diversification can substantially reduce the variability of returns without an equivalent reduction in expected returns. This reduction in risk arises because worse than expected returns from one asset are offset by better than expected return from another. But there is a minimum level of risk that cannot be diversified any way and that is the systematic portion. In volatile markets relationship among investments can become highly correlated, meaning returns for both types of investments move in the same direction, which reduces the effectiveness of diversification. Thats why a portfolio diversified among stocks and bonds still lost value during both recent bear markets. Its also why investments spread across U.S., international and emerging-market stocks didnt fare well either. All major investment sectors but one, government securities, declined. Its a good idea to see if your diversified portfolio still reflects your financial situation and goals.. If youve set up a 60/40 stock/bond investment mix but havent changed it in a year, you may need to rebalance your portfolio since your equity-oriented mutual funds likely fell in price more than your income-oriented mutual funds in the past year. In this case, if you want to maintain your 60/40 mix, youll have to sell some of your bond funds and invest the proceeds into equity funds. Diversification does help, however, and it always has even if, during extreme times, it hasnt been able to prevent losses entirely. Its true that, with the exception of government securities, all investment sectors were hit by the 2008-2009 declines. But investors with a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds lost a lot less than those with an all-stock portfolio even one that included international or emerging market stocks. Diversification also worked for investors during the first bear market of this decade: the 2000-2002 dot-com declines. The chart above is relatively easy to interpret; we consider the risk-free asset Rf with its corresponding Beta of zero and return of 8% and our stock with its Beta of 1.6 and its expected return E(RA) of 20%. When we connect the dots and measure the slope of the line (rise/run), we get a slope of 7.5%. From this graph, we can ascertain that our stock has a reward to risk ratio of 7.5% meaning that our stock has a risk premium of 7.5% for each unit of systematic risk. Obviously, the higher the reward to risk ratio, the better, meaning wed want to see higher E(RA) and/or lower Beta; either of which would increase the slope. In a final example, let us now compare our stock in the previous example (called Stock A) with a second stock (Stock B). Stock B has a Beta of 1.2 and an expected return E (RB) of 16%. When we construct our Security Market Line, we end up with a slightly different picture than we had with Stock A. The reward to risk ratio (or slope of the line) for Stock B is 6.67%. What this tells us (all other things equal) is that in essence, Stock A is a better choice than Stock B simply because it generates more reward for each unit of systematic risk undertaken. This analysis is especially useful when one is selecting portfolio components and wants exposure to a particular industry or sector, has multiple candidates, but doesnt want to include them all for fear of being overweight that particular area. In this manner, the candidates may be lined up and compared to see both visually and quantitatively where the best bang for the buck lies. http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article12274.html http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/risk/efficient_frontier.htm A closer look at the investment returns of a 100% U.S. stock index compared with a diversified investment mix of 60% stocks and 40% bonds between December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2009, shows that diversification was effective over that period. An investor in a diversified 60/40 mix lost 18%, or about half as much as the all-stock index, which lost 35%. International investors were hit hard as well: The MSCI ACWI (All Country World Index) ex USA, which doesnt include the U.S. market, lost 37% and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index declined 36%. For the 2000-2002 bear market, an all-stock portfolio fell 47.4% while the 60/40 mix declined only 16.8%. In fact, a diversified portfolio has helped investors weather market volatility over several different time periods. For the past three years, an all-stock portfolio lost 22.7% while the 60/40 mix declined only 5.4%. During the past five years, the stock portfolio lost 10.7% while the mix increased 4.7%. And as of June 30, 2009, over a full 10-year period, the stock portfolio lost 20.1% while the diversified mix gained 19.4% an almost 40% advantage over stocks. http://www.management-hub.com/portfolio-modern-theory.html As a conclusion I would say portfolio will work as long as the assets in the portfolio are negatively correlated and they are being taken from different markets and different kind of assets. Because if one asset returns drops still other assets return can increase. So portfolio diversification is still working. 2) The relationship between risk and return is a fundamental financial relationship that affects expected rates of return on every existing asset investment.   The Risk-Return relationship is characterized as being a positive or direct relationship meaning that if there are expectations of higher levels of risk associated with a particular investment then greater returns are required as compensation for that higher expected risk.   Alternatively, if an investment has relatively lower levels of expected risk then investors are satisfied with relatively lower returns. This risk-return relationship holds for individual investors and business managers.   Greater degrees of risk must be compensated for with greater returns on investment.   Since investment returns reflects the degree of risk involved with the investment, investors need to be able to determine how much of a return is appropriate for a given level of risk.   This process is referred to as pricing the risk. http://uwf.edu/rconstand/5994content2003/T1-Overview/T1-OverviewP04.htm http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/091/realestatemarkets.html Return Characteristics of  Public and Private Real Estate   Public and private equity real estate has been the relationship between these two markets in terms of risk and return characteristics. The most well-known private real estate performance benchmarks around the world are the NCREIF (U.S.), the PCA (Australia), and the IPD indices in various European countries. Pubic real estate benchmarks include NAREIT (U.S.), SP/ASX200 LPT Index (Australia), GPR (Global), and FTSE EPRA/NAREIT (Global). Taking these total return indices at face value, public and private real estate markets in the past have behaved differently, with public real estate showing greater volatility. Furthermore, correlation studies of private and public real estate indices show that, while both have low correlations with bonds and large-cap stocks, they also have low correlations with each other, and in general, public real estate displays a higher correlation with small stocks. As for the portfolio diversification effects of publicly listed real estate securities, the private real estate portfolios with 10 percent mixes of REITs resulted in higher risk-adjusted returns for all three countries (see below). The results imply that a holding in U.S. REITs would lead to improvements in portfolio performance even if the optimal portfolio already contains private real estate. Several other studies show similar results. According to a portfolio diversification study performed by Ibbotson Associates in 2006, adding REITs to a wide selection of diversified portfolios, from 1972 to 2005, enhanced risk-adjusted returns as compared with portfolios without REITs. Furthermore, research sponsored by the European Public Real Estate Association showed significant portfolio benefits to using real estate securities from six European countries GOLD. Risk in relation to gold is very high as it is a volatile asset as changes take place rapidly and its expected to have a high return. It can be seen that gold is more negatively correlated to U.S. stocks than any of the other asset classes. If an investor has a safe and physical gold, the cost of keeping the gold will be practically nothing. One other quality that makes gold a sound investment is its ease to liquidate. It is common that most businesses that sell gold will usually also buy gold, making gold one of the easiest assets out there to sell. One last characteristic that makes gold one of the greatest  investments  out there is golds intrinsic value and lack of counterparty risk. Other assets like a stock can become worthless overnight if the company was not run correctly or if its goods or services for any reason becomes obsolete; but because of golds intrinsic value and its lack of counterparty risk. Gold is unlikely to become worthless overnight. http://www.articlesbase.com/franchise-articles/gold-the-characteristics-of-gold-1374624.html#ixzz12gAMsAf8   http://www.articlesbase.com/franchise-articles/gold-the-characteristics-of-gold-1374624.html

Analysis of British Telecommunication :: GCSE Business Management Studies Essays

Business at Work Task 1: Introduction BT plc is British Telecommunication public limited companies (plc) registered in England Wales, with listings on the London & New York stock exchanges. The Business is well-known providers of telecommunications services and solutions for everybody in the UK. This business exists to supply telecommunications services, products and services, and IT solutions to corporate and residential customers. BT's Group plan is to increase the value for shareholders by increasing their performance rate by satisfying the customer’s want or needs and for corporate customers in Europe, achieving global reach through partnership which have the same motive of running the business, BT itself consists mainly of four lines of business: BT Retail, BT Wholesale, and BT Global Services and BT Open world. They focus on considered priorities to make a better world’s as a public limited company wants to deliver the uppermost levels of customer satisfaction performance and reduce the number of displeased customers each year which they've established a strategic target to do better than their competitors consistently and reduce the number of dissatisfied customers by 25% each year. BT wants to accomplish untreated gainful revenue growth, while constraining capital expenses enabling the company to be more financially controlled over the incoming / outgoing of cash flow. It also wishes to put broadband at the heart of BT, expand the market for broadband services so in the future the increasing of the usage of Broadband which will allow the BT to add value to the BT trademark. BT wants to find and provide solutions and other value-added services such as growing of BT’s brand by using different other pricing strategies of the product or services provided with the BT brand. As a well known business its aim is to place all UK networks under a single running structure and to control investment in charitable donations and data platforms, while transferring operations to new platforms. To use the strength of the BT brand to move into broadband services for consumers and also into connected markets, such as communications solutions and business mobility services for main business customers and information and finally to use different various combination of skilled and motivated people. From these objectives it indicates that the company wants to profit maximise by increasing market shares which has a big influence on profit. They want to expand their ability to reach into every home mainly in the United Kingdom. How successfully the business is meeting its objectives: The corporation known as BT plc it self is successful which is in fact meeting its objectives by the increase of the service given to other businesses and residential customers. Not only have they focused on

Dehumanization in The Women Who Clean Fish Essay -- Women Who Clean Fi

Dehumanization in The Women Who Clean Fish Erica Funkhouser's women who clean fish can hardly be categorized as women at all. Yet they supposedly are all named Rose or Grace forming a vast contradiction in itself. They are introduced as individuals giving the illusion that they are of some importance but very soon they are seen as nothing more than laborers. They become an unidentifiable mass, each as common as the next. However, they do not remain unidentifiable forever and by the end of the poem the women become entirely fishlike. "The Women Who Clean Fish" illustrates this dehumanizing transformation into fish. The names Rose and Grace do not fit into this poem because of the context in which they are used. When the word "rose" is seen or heard it is the illustration of an elegant flower at the end of a long slender stem, adorned with delicate petals that is clearly visible and an instant picture of beauty comes to mind. By definition, grace means "a virtue that comes from God." Immediately an angelic, classy woman by the name of Grace is pict...

Reseach on Shampoo

Study the buying behavior of consumers regarding branded shampoos in Ludhiana Research Project Report Masters in Business Administration By Jasdeep kaur Table of Contents |Chapter No. |Particulars |Page no. |1 |Introduction |8-16 | |2 |Research Methodology |17-20 | |3 |Data Analysis and Interpretation |21-33 | |4 |Results and Findings |34,35 | |5 |Conclusion and Summary |36 | |6 |Appendix |37-40 | |7 |Bibliography |41 | List of tables |S. No. |Particulars |Page No. | |1 |Number of respondents using branded shampoos |21 | |2 |Frequency of using Shampoo in a week |22 | |3 |Awareness level of espondents regarding various brands of shampoos |23 | |4 |Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |24 | |5 |Most important factor of consumer preference |25 | |6 |Preference of brands of shampoos |26 | |7 |Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing |27 | | |Shampoos | | |8 |Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |28 | |9 |Brand Loyalty among consu mers |29 | |10 |Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo |29 | |11 |Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of |30 | | |shampoo being used | | |12 |Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand |31 | |13 |Demographic profile of respondents |33 | List of Figures |S. No. |Particulars |Page No. | |1 |Number of respondents using branded shampoos |21 | |2 |Frequency of using Shampoo in a week |22 | |3 |Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of |23 | | |shampoos | | |4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |24 | |5 |Most important factor of consumer preference |25 | |6 |Preference of brands of shampoos |26 | |7 |Importance level of factors considered by respondents while |27 | | |purchasing Shampoos | | |8 |Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |28 | |9 |Brand Loyalty among consumers |29 | |10 |Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of |30 | | |shampoo | | |11 |Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of|31 | | |shampoo being used | | |12 |Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo |31 | | |brand | | Chapter I Introduction 1. 1 Shampoo Shampoo is a common hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo formulations seek to maximize the following qualities: Easy rinsing Good finish after washing hair Minimal skin/eye irritation No damage to hair Feels thick and/or creamy Pleasant fragrance Low toxicity Good biodegradability 1. 2 Evolution The word shampoo in english usage dates back to 1762, with the meaning â€Å"to massage†. The word was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champoo, ie â€Å"to smear, knead the muscles, massage†. It itself comes from Sanskrit/Hindi word â€Å"champa† , the flowers of the plant Michelia champaca which have traditionally been used to make fragrant hair-oil. The term and service was introduced by a Sake Dean Mahomed, who opened a shampooing bath known as Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths in Brighton in 1759. His baths were like Turkish baths where clients received an Indian treatment of champi (shampooing) or therapeutic massage. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shaved soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shaved soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him. 1. 3 Segmentation: Shampoo market is segmented on benefit platforms †¢Cosmetic (shine, health, strength) †¢Anti – Dandruff (AD) †¢Herbal 20% of the total shampoo market is accounted by the AD shampoos. The AD segment is the fastest growing segment, growing at 10% to 12 % every year Usage: The frequency of shampoo usage is very low in India. Most consumers use shampoo only once or twice in a week. In many cases, these products are used on special occasions such as weddings, parties etc. About 50% of consumers use ordinary toilet soaps to wash their hair. About 15% of consumers use toilet soaps as well as shampoo for cleaning their hair. Also 70% of the total shampoo sales are through sachet sales. HLL has higher stakes in the rural market with an 80% share. The bottle sales are popular in the northern region where 50% of the shampoo bottles are sold After a sober growth in 2004 due to the downturn of the FMCG sector, shampoo sector saw strong growth in the next two years due to the introduction of sachets and a surge in rural demand. The overall shampoo market, which sees annual volume sales of approximately 63,000 tonnes, saw rural off take grow by 40% last year, while urban demand grew half that at 21%. From a penetration level of 13% in 2000, now almost a third of the country's rural population uses shampoo with penetration levels zooming to 32% in 2005. While the north and west zones have tripled in penetration, the south and east zones have doubled Urban – 40 % Rural – 10 % Targeted customers: Shampoos are mainly target at Upper middle class, Middle class housewives and upper rural class. However the main segment is Teenagers. 1. 4 Opportunity Penetration of shampoo is very low in India. The average per-capita consumption of shampoo in India is very low at approximately 13 ml and many people in rural India still use toilet soaps. People still perceive shampoo as high end product in the rural areas. This provides a huge opportunity to the players. The huge size of the untapped market leads to a great potential for the existing players. India is and will remain for some time one of the youngest countries in the world. Currently there is a population of 163 m teen in India. Approximately half of the 1 bn plus population is under the age of 20, which is one of the largest consumers of hair care products. This provides huge market for the shampoo players. Also, with the increasing income levels of the middle class population, the usage of shampoos has increased. Despite its undisputed potential, the rapid expansion of the shampoo market was interrupted in 1999. Overall growth rates in the market slowed to 1. 7% in 1999, from 16% the previous year. Lack of innovation was the major reason for slowdown. The perception that shampoos contain harsh hemicals that could damage hair, high price and the view that the shampoo is more of a glamour product rather than a hygiene product led to lower sales. The players came out with the idea of smaller packs, which were a success. Also, products like anti dandruff started getting att ention and became the fastest growing category. Players like Dabur and Ayush came up with herbal shampoos. 1. 5 The top Shampoo brands Normal Shampoos †¢Clinic Plus †¢Sunsilk †¢Chik Anti Dandruff Shampoos †¢Clinic All Clear †¢Head and Shoulders †¢Dabur Vatika AD Premium Products †¢Shehnaz Hussain †¢Revlon Flex †¢L'Oreal 1. 6 Market Scenario of shampoo industry The India shampoo industry is estimated at Rs 14 bn and is growing at an average rate of 20% per annum. According to AC Nielsen, shampoo is one of the fastest growing categories within FMCG sector and is expected to grow at 25% per annum in the coming years. Major Players of Indian shampoo industry [pic] HLL By all accounts, the UNILEVER group is India's foremost multinational . The group has been operating in India for over 60 years. Being first it has being given the market leadership position in many product categories. Lever's have a sprawling distribution coverage which in the case of HLL extends to 3,200 stockists and 600,000 shops directly serviced by the company. HLL is today a multi-product, multi-unit organization addressing various public health challenges facing humanity. HLL is the undisputed leader from the early 1990s with brands like Sunsilk, Clinic All Clear and Clinic Plus. Sunsilk is the name of a brand of hair care products for women produced by the Unilever group. It was launched in 1954 in the United Kingdom and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries world-wide. Currently, Sunsilk products are being marketed in over 50 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, The Middle East and North Africa. The Sunsilk brand is intended to demonstrate a perceptive and sympathetic understanding of women, communicate the idea of capturing the â€Å"emotional drama† in a girl’s life, and to provide a source of expert beauty care for women. P & G In US-the world’s largest market place in terms of effective demand-the Cincinnati (Ohio)-based household and personal care products colossus P & G Co. is a renowned company. Over the past 157 years (1837-1994) since William Proctor and James GambIe entered into partnership to manufacture candles and soap in Cincinnati, P & G has conceptualized, manufactured and effectively marketed a stream of consumer products, which have contributed significantly to American consumers Currently P & G employs l lakh people globally and has subsidiaries in over 60 countries including India. On 1st April 1988, the Bombay based Richardson Hindustan Ltd. commenced doing business as Proctor and Gamble India Ltd. The strategies and methodologies that the company has innovated to facilitate its inexorable growth have won it a place of honor in virtually every country. Yet to categories P & G as merely an excellent marketing company is to do it an injustice. It is an excellent marketing and product research company while its R & D, manufacturing strategies and operations are its major strengths. P & G entered India in Nov 1995, with the world’s largest selling brand – Pantene. It also launched Head , which is the leading AD shampoo Head & Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. Head & Shoulders was first introduced to the U. S. market in November 1961, as a blue-green shampoo formula. Unlike other shampoos, Head & Shoulders had relatively few variations until the late 1990s and early 2000s, and there are now in excess of ten different kinds of shampoo for different hair types under the Head & Shoulders banner. It has since then grown into a billion dollar brand. The people responsible for this were Robert Jongstra (Procter & Gamble General Manager) and Olga Barr (Saatchi & Saatchi Global Creative Director). Pantene is a brand of hair care products owned by Procter & Gamble. The brand's best-known product is the conditioning shampoo Pantene Pro V. CavinKare CavinKare was founded by Ranganathan in 1983, with a modest capital investment of Rs 15,000 and with a single product. The company was called Chik India Pvt. Ltd. , and its product was Chik shampoo. The company targeted the local market and within a few years emerged as a leading regional player in the shampoo market in South India. In 1998, the company adopted its present name, CavinKare Pvt. Ltd. , to signify its change from a single-product company to a broader FMCG company, encompassing various market segments such as hair, skin and personal care. According to company sources, ‘Cavin' is a literary word in Tamil meaning Beauty and Grace, while ‘Care' was modified to start with the letter ‘K' instead of ‘C' as a tribute to Rang Nathan’s father, ‘Chinni Krishnan. ‘†¦. L’Oreal Group [pic][pic]L’Oreal Group headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France, is the world's largest cosmetics and beauty company. L’Oreal has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. L’Oreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. L’Oreal is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. THe CEO of L'Oreal SA in France is Jean-Paul Agon. L'Oreal is a listed company, but the founder's daughter Liliane Bettencourt who is one of the richest people in the world, and the Swiss food company Nestleeach control over a quarter of the shares and voting rights. L’Oreal markets its range of specialized hair care products exclusively through salons and beauty parlors. It is the only company in the market that has a hair colour range tailored exclusively for parlors. The company was also the first to introduce modern shampoo-based hair dyes for the Indian market Garnier is a company producing hair care products, including the Fructis line, and most recently, skin care products under the name, Nutritioniste, that are sold around the world. It is a brand of L'Oreal. One of their key ingredients is a fruit concentrate used in all their products. It is a combination of fruit acids, vitamin B3 and B6, fructose and glucose 1. 7 Consumer Behavior The term consumer behavior may be defined as the decision process and physical activities in which individuals engage them while evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing off goods and services. The study of consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources on consumption of related items. Buying behavior is an attempt to understand and predict human actions in the buying role. The issues that dealt within the discipline of consumers’ buying behavior are: ? What products and services do the consumers buy? ? How do they buy? ? Why do they buy? ? From where do they buy? ? When do they buy? Consumer behavior provides a sound basis for identifying and understanding consumer needs. It is the act of the individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic goods and services. The study of consumer behavior is an essential component of marketing. The adoption of marketing concept by the marketers provides the impetus for the study of consumer behavior. In case of New Product Introduction in the market, there is a risk of product failure. To increase the chances of success of new products, better information of the consumer behavior is required. Their desires, tastes and preferences are to be taken care of. So from all these aspects the study of consumer behavior is important. 1. 8 Objectives of the study †¢ To study the consumer awareness regarding branded shampoos. †¢ To study the source of information regarding awareness of brands †¢ To study the factors influencing choice of consumers towards branded shampoos. †¢ To study the reasons for consistency /change in regard to brands of shampoos. CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology deals with the method of study i. e. how the study was carried out and what were the various techniques used. It is careful investigation or enquiry in a systematic manner in order to find a solution to problem in research. It consists of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solution, collecting and evaluating data, making deduction and reaching calculation etc and at last care fully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis or not. It includes the scope of the study, research design, collection of data, analysis of data and limitations of the study. 2. 1 Scope of the study The scope of the study is to get the knowledge about the buying behavior of consumers towards the branded shampoos in Ludhiana. The scope is restricted to study consumer’s awareness regarding branded shampoos and the factors influencing choice of consumers towards branded shampoos in ludhiana. This is done to avoid perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. 2. 2 Research Design The research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. The research problem in clear-cut terms helps the researches to prepare a research design. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It is the strategy for a study and the plan by which the strategy is to be carried out. The research carried down is descriptive in nature because it describes the consumer buying behavior regarding branded shampoos. 2. 3 Data Collection 2. 3. 1 Primary Data Primary data is that data which is collected for the first time. It is original in nature in the shape of raw material. For the purpose of collection of primary data, a well-structured questionnaire was given to the respondents and they were personally interviewed to fulfill the objectives of the study. The questionnaire comprises of close ended as well as open-ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, likert’s scale, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2. 3. Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by someone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of finished product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results and the required data was collected from various magazines, newspapers, journals and internet to gathe r relevant information about the shampoo industry and the leading brands of shampoos. 2. 4 Sampling Design Sampling refers to selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about the entire population. 2. 4. 1Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements that the researcher is targeting in his study. Here the universe for the study consists of all the people who use branded shampoos. 2. 4. 2 Population Population is finite number of elements that the researcher is going to target in particular area. People throughout Ludhiana who use branded shampoos constitute the population of my research. 2. 4. 2. A) Element- Consumers i. e people using branded shampoos 2. 4. 2. B) Sampling Unit-A single consumer using Branded shampoo 2. 4. 2. C) Extent- Ludhiana city 2. 4. 2 D) Time of Study- Six months 2. 4. 3 Sampling Technique In my research I have used non-probability technique for drawing a sample from the population. In non-probability technique I have preferred ‘Convenience sampling’ method because population of my research is huge and due to the time constraint I will be catering to 100 people according to my convenience. The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of convenience based on the non-probability method of sampling. Convenience sampling was basically used due to money, time as well as distance constraints. 2. 4. 4 Sample size Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true representative of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was 100 for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. Business |18 | |Service |24 | |Professional |5 | |Student |40 | |Housewife |13 | |Total |100 | 5. Data Analysis and Interpretation For the purpose of analyzing, raw data was summarized in a master table and from this table the results have been carried out. The questions having alternati ve choices were analyzed by taking percentages. In the case of questions on Likert’s point scale, the mean scores and percentages were calculated. In case of ranking questions the total score has been added and final ranking is given. The questions to which there were specific answers the ranges were clubbed and percentages were calculated. In case of explanatory questions, the general suggestions were summarized. 2. 6 Limitations of the study Sincere efforts have been made to collect authentic and reliable information from respondents, however the report is subject to following limitations: 1. The study was limited to Ludhiana city only. Wider coverage would have made the study more reliable and representative. 2. Sample was drawn by convenience sampling, so possibility of sampling error cannot be ruled out. 3. Responses of respondents were biased based on their personal preferences. 4. Due to time and cost constraints, study could not be carried out on a large scale 5. Sample may not be the true representative of the universe CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The present chapter deals with analysis of data collected from the consumers regarding their awareness level regarding branded shampoos, Factors considered by them while purchasing branded shampoos and to check their brand loyalty. A total of 100 consumers were personally interviewed with help of structured questionnaires. Results of the study: Table 3. 1 Number of respondents using branded shampoos |Response |No. f respondents |Percentage(%) | |Yes |88 |88 | |No |12 |12 | |Total |100 |100 | Figure 3. 1 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, we can conclude that out of 100, 88% respondents use branded shampoos and 12% don’t use branded shampoos. So branded shampoos are very commonly used in Ludhiana. Table 3. 2 Fr equency of using Shampoo in a week |Frequency |No. f Respondents |Percentage (%) | |1-3 times |48 |48 | |3-5 times |33 |33 | |Daily |19 |19 | |Total |100 |100 | Figure 3. 2 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, it is clear that 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Table 3. 3 Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of shampoos |Brands |No. of responses |Average Scores | |Garnier |80 |0. 16 | |L’Oreal |73 |0. 14 | |Sunsilk |92 |0. 9 | |Pantene |83 |0. 17 | |Clinic |77 |0. 16 | |Head & Shoulders |84 |0. 17 | Figure 3. 3 Interpretation: From the above table and graph it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 92% are aware of Sunsilk, followed by Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least are aware of L’Oreal. Table 3. 4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |Sources |No. f responses |Average Scores | |Newspaper |51 |0. 22 | |Television |81 |0. 35 | |Magazine |49 |0. 21 | |Salesman |4 |0. 02 | |Friends/Relative |27 |0. 8 | |Internet |18 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 4 Interpretation: From above table it is clear that television is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper, Magazine, information from friends/relative, Internet and least important source of information is from salesman. 3. 5 Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Head and Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least preferred is L’Oreal. However some respondents also prefer chik shampoo because of its price and some other medicated shampoos or herbal shampoos. Table 3. Most important factor of consumer preference |Factors |No. of responses |Avg scores | |Price |27 |0. 15 | |Brand |35 |0. 20 | |Quality |76 |0. 43 | |Schemes(discount offers) |9 |0. 5 | |Packaging |10 |0. 06 | |Quantity/Package |6 |0. 03 | |Advertisement |15 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 6 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, it can be concluded that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand and price factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after Packaging. Table 3. 7 Preference of brands of shampoos Brands |Total Score |Rank | |L’Oreal |379 |6 | |Head & Shoulders |332 |3 | |Pantene |324 |2 | |Clinic |378 |5 | |Sunsilk |312 |1 | |Garnier |377 |4 | Figure 3. 7 [pic] Interpretation: In the above table 1 is given to the most preferred and 5 to the least preferred to rank the shampoo brands. Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clinic, Garnier and least preferred is L’Oreal . Table 3. 8 Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing Shampoos |Factors |Strongly Disagree (-2)|Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly Agree |Mean Score | | | |(-1) |(0) |(1) |(2) |. |Price |7 |26 |23 |23 |21 |0. 28 | |Brand |3 |19 |21 |33 |24 |0. 63 | |Quality |2 |10 |19 |39 |30 |0. 96 | |Schemes |36 |17 |22 |16 |7 |-0. 67 | |Packaging |12 |26 |31 |24 |6 |-0. 5 | |Quantity/Package |31 |28 |18 |19 |3 |-0. 73 | |Advertiseme nts |12 |4 |34 |20 |30 |0. 54 | Figure 3. 8 [pic] Interpretation: In above table, 2 is the weightage given to Strongly Agree, 1 to Agree, 0 to Neutral, -1 to Disagree and -2 to Strongly Disagree; the mean (0. 96) of quality being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is very near to strongly agree therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents feel that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand, advertisement and price factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after Schemes available as their mean scores are coming in negative. Table 3. 9 Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |Response |No. of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Yes |62 |70 | |No |26 |30 | |Total |88 |100 | Figure 3. 9 [pic] Interpretation: From above table, it is clear that 70% of the respondents buy another brand if a particular brand is not available. 3. 10 The most preferred alternate brand is Clinic, followed by Head & Shoulder, Clinic, L’Oeal, Pantene and the least preferred brand as an alternate is Garnier. Table 3. 11 Brand Loyalty among consumers |Response |No. Of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Yes |58 |65. 91 | |No |30 |34. 9 | |Total |88 |100 | Figure 3. 11 [pic] Interpretation: It is clear from the table that 65. 91% of the respondents are not brand loyal and does switch over the brand Table 3. 12 Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo |Factors |No. of respondents |Avg Scores | |Price |18 |0. 23 | |Brand |18 |0. 3 | |Quality |26 |0. 33 | |Schemes(discount offers) |4 |0. 05 | |Packaging |3 |0. 04 | |Quantity/Package |4 |0. 05 | |Advertisement |6 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 12 [pic] Interpretation: It is clear from above that quality is the main reason that made respondents stick to one particular brand as it is having the highest mean score. Price and brand are having equal mean scores and are the second most important factors. 3. 13(a) The most common reason that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo is that they like changing brands. Other important reasons are quality and schemes that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo. Table 3. 13(b) Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of shampoo being used |Response |No. Of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Less than one month |19 |28. 35 | |1-3 months |23 |34. 32 | |3-5 months |13 |19. 40 | |More than 5 months |12 |17. 93 | |Total |67 |100 | Figure 3. 13(b) [pic] Interpretation: From above figure it is clear that out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Table No. 3. 14 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand |Very Bad |Bad |Average |Good |Very good |Mean Score | |(-2) |(-1) |(0) |(1) |(2) | | |-20(10) |-4(4) |0(10) |29(29) |70(35) |0. 85 | Figure 3. 14 [pic] Interpretation: In above table, 2 is the weightage given to very good, 1 to Good, , 0 to average and -1 to Bad and –2 to Very Bad; the mean (0. 5) being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is more near to Very Good therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. Demographic profile of respondents Sex Wise |Sex |No. of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Male |41 |41 | |Female |59 |59 | |Total |100 |100 | Age Wise |Age |No. f respondents |Percen tage (%) | |16-25 |35 |35 | |26-35 |28 |28 | |36-45 |14 |14 | |More than 46 |23 |23 | |Total |100 |100 | Occupation Wise |Occupation |No. f respondents |Percentage (%) | |Business |18 |18 | |Service |24 |24 | |Professional |5 |5 | |Student |40 |40 | |Housewife |13 |13 | |Total |100 |100 | Chapter IV Results and Findings Findings from the study: †¢ From the research it was found that 88% respondents use branded shampoos. †¢ As far as frequency of using shampoos in a week is concerned, 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Television (81%) is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper (51%), Magazine (49%), information from friends/relative (27%), internet (18%) and least important source of information is from salesman (4%). †¢ Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Cli nic, Garnier and least preferred is L’Oreal . †¢ The most important factor considered by respondents while purchasing shampoo is quality as it has mean score of 0. 96, followed by brand (0. 63) and advertisement (0. 54) †¢ Out of 100 respondents, only 37% respondents stick to one particular brand and out of respondents who stick to one particular brand consider quality being the most important factor for it Out of 67% respondents who switch to other brand, majority of them quoted the reason â€Å"I like changing Brands† for shifting to other brands. †¢ As far as the intentions of 67 respondents for sticking to current brand used by them is concerned, very less have intention of switching over the brand and are satisfied with the current brand they are using. †¢ Out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more t han 5 months. †¢ Mostly all the respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. †¢ The suggestions which are given for their currently used brand are: Consumers of L’oreal want its price to be lesser. Consumers of Pantene want to have more hair specific like Sunsilk. No suggestion has been recommended by consumers of Sunsilk Chapter 5 Conclusion and Summary The results reflected the perception of users in Ludhiana of branded shampoos. The results of the study indicate that though the price of shampoos is perceived to be on the higher side of users, the quality offered by these products compensates for their dissatisfaction. The Ludhiana users accept that high quality comes at a price. Since the study was restricted to the Ludhiana city so there is need to study more in other cities to get the clear view of the findings. Scope for further study Many companies are coming up with the shampoos with enough variety as it’s the fastest growing FMCG product now days. There is a huge potential market in India and better scope. To survive in such an environment, all the companies will have to undertake bold efforts towards their products in such a way so as to meet the requirements and expectations of the consumers. It therefore calls for a continuous research in this field as consumer preferences keep changing with time and so does their buying behavior. Hence it provides basis of a scope for further research. Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use branded shampoo? Yes No 2. How many times do you use shampoo in a week? a. 1-3 times _____________ b. 3-5 times _____________ c. Daily _____________ 3. Which of the following brands are you aware of? a. Garnier _____________ b. L’Oreal _____________ c. Sunsilk _____________ d. Pantene _____________ e. Clinic _____________ f. Head & Shoulders_____________ 4. What is your source of information for this? a. Newspaper _____________ b. Television _____________ c. Magazine _____________ d. Salesman _____________ e. Friends/Relative _____________ f. Internet _____________ 5. Which brand are you currently using? _____________ 6. Why do you use this particular brand? ? Price ? Brand ? Quality ? Schemes (discount offers) ? Packaging ? Quantity/Package ?Advertisements If any other please tell 7. Please rank the following brands of shampoos on the basis of your preference (a-most preferable and f-least preferable) a. L’Oreal _____________ b. Head & Shoulders _____________ c. Pantene _____________ d. Clinic _____________ e. Sunsilk _____________ f. Garnier _____________ 8. While making a purchase decision, rate the following factors that affect your decision. Factors |Strongly Disagree |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | | | | |Agree | |Price | | | | | | |Brand | | | | | | |Quality | | | | | | |Schemes | | | | | | |(Discount offers) | | | | | | |Packaging | | | | | | |Quantity/Package | | | | | | |Advertisements | | | | | | 9. If your preferred brand is not available, do you purchase another brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 10,if no go to Q No 11 10. Which brand you are ready to purchase if your prefe rred brand is not available? _____________ 11. Do you switch over a particular brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 13,if no go to Q No 12 12. Why do you stick to a particular brand? a. Price _____________ b. Brand _____________ c. Quality _____________ d. Schemes (discount offers) _____________ e. Packaging _____________ f. Quantity/Package _____________ g. Advertisements _____________ 13. a) Why did you switch over the brand? b) For how long you intend to stick to current brand? a. Less than 1 month _____________ b. 1-3 months _____________ c. 3-5 months _____________ d. More than 5 months_____________ 14. What do you think about the current brand you are using? Very Bad Bad Average Good Very Good ———-I————–I————–I————–I————–I————– Any suggestions Personal Details: Name: _______________________ Age: _______________________ Gender: _______________________ Occupation: _______________________ Address: Contact No: _______________________ Bibliography Prasad , â€Å"Use of advertising and their impact on the consumer behavior†, Indian Journal of Management, Volume XXXIII, Number 4, April 2003, Page 3-5 Moorthi YLR, Brand Management(The Indian Context),2003,Edition V,Page 16-25 Kotler Philip, Principles of Mrketing, 2004,Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Pg 204-209 Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel, â€Å"Reference group influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions†, Journal of Consumer Research, September 1982,Pg 183-194. Websites: – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pantene http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shampoo http://www. diplomatist. com/dipo1st06/story_12. htm http://inhome. rediff. com/money/2003/jul/19spec. htm http://www. indiantelevision. com/tamadex/y2k4/june/tam63. htm http://www. equitymaster. com/research-it/sector-info/consprds/consprds-products. html http://www. domain-b. com/companies/companies_p/procter_gamble_india/20040129_wars. htm ———————– [pic] [pic]